Oracle of Truth

Claim: While delivering the commencement speech at Yale University in 2000, Oracle CEO Larry Ellison said: â€Å"Graduates of Yale University, I apologize if you have endured this type of prologue before, but I want you to do something for me. Please, take a good look around you. Look at the classmate on your left. Look at the classmate on your right. Now, consider this: five years from now, 10 years from now, even 30 years from now, odds are the person on your left is going to be a loser. The person on your right, meanwhile, will also be a loser. And you, in the middle?What can you expect? Loser. Loserhood. Loser Cum Laude. † Status: False. Origins: In July 2000, an inventive story about Oracle CEO Larry Ellison bestowing an unusual commencement speech upon the graduating class of Yale University began popping up in various inboxes. Some were left wondering if this could be the real thing, given what is known of Ellison's famed ego, and because the wide circulation of the 199 7 Kurt Vonnegut commencement speech hoax had prepared the way for this piece to sound plausible. In truth, Ellison did not give a such a speech at Yale, nor anywhere else.The article was the fanciful creation of Andrew Marlatt, a writer for the satire website, SatireWire. It was reprinted (with SatireWire's express permission) on BBspot, another satirical web site. The full text of the piece: ELLISON TO GRADS: DIPLOMAS ARE FOR LOSERS Oracle CEO Urges Students to Drop out, Start up NEW HAVEN, CONN. (SatireWire. com) – In one of the more controversial commencement addresses in memory, Oracle CEO and college dropout Larry Ellison told Yale's Class of 2000 they were â€Å"losers† whose hard-won diplomas would never propel them into the ranks of the super rich.The evangelical Ellison, noting that college dropouts Bill Gates, Paul Allen, and Michael Dell were, like himself, on Forbes' recent top 10 list of billionaires, urged freshmen and sophomores at the ceremony to  "drop out and start up,† and added that the undereducated Yale security guards who ushered him off stage probably had a better shot at uber-wealth than graduating seniors. What follows is a transcript of the speech delivered by Ellison at the Yale University last month: Graduates of Yale University, I apologize if you have endured this type of prologue before, but I want you to do something for me.Please, take a ood look around you. snopes. com: Larry Ellison ‘Loser' Commencement Speech http://www. snopes. com/quotes/ellison. asp? print=y ? 1 3? 2012/9/21 10:41 Look at the classmate on your left. Look at the classmate on your right. Now, consider this: five years from now, 10 years from now, even 30 years from now, odds are the person on your left is going to be a loser. The person on your right, meanwhile, will also be a loser. And you, in the middle? What can you expect? Loser. Loserhood. Loser Cum Laude. â€Å"In fact, as I look out before me today, I don't see a th ousand hopes for a bright tomorrow.I don't see a thousand future leaders in a thousand industries. I see a thousand losers. â€Å"You're upset. That's understandable. After all, how can I, Lawrence ‘Larry' Ellison, college dropout, have the audacity to spout such heresy to the graduating class of one of the nation's most prestigious institutions? I'll tell you why. Because I, Lawrence â€Å"Larry† Ellison, second richest man on the planet, am a college dropout, and you are not. â€Å"Because Bill Gates, richest man on the planet — for now, anyway — is a college dropout, and you are not. â€Å"Because Paul Allen, the third richest man on the planet, dropped out of college, and you did not. And for good measure, because Michael Dell, No. 9 on the list and moving up fast, is a college dropout, and you, yet again, are not. â€Å"Hmm . . . you're very upset. That's understandable. So let me stroke your egos for a moment by pointing out, quite sincerely, tha t your diplomas were not attained in vain. Most of you, I imagine, have spent four to five years here, and in many ways what you've learned and endured will serve you well in the years ahead. You've established good work habits. You've established a network of people that will help you down the road. And you've established what will be lifelong relationships with the word ‘therapy. All that of is good. For in truth, you will need that network. You will need those strong work habits. You will need that therapy. â€Å"You will need them because you didn't drop out, and so you will never be among the richest people in the world. Oh sure, you may, perhaps, work your way up to No. 10 or No. 11, like Steve Ballmer. But then, I don't have to tell you who he really works for, do I? And for the record, he dropped out of grad school. Bit of a late bloomer. â€Å"Finally, I realize that many of you, and hopefully by now most of you, are wondering, ‘Is there anything I can do?Is t here any hope for me at all? ‘ Actually, no. It's too late. You've absorbed too much, think you know too much. You're not 19 anymore. You have a built-in cap, and I'm not referring to the mortar boards on your heads. â€Å"Hmm†¦ you're really very upset. That's understandable. So perhaps this would be a good time to bring up the silver lining. Not for you, Class of '00. You are a write-off, so I'll let you slink off to your pathetic $200,000-a-year jobs, where your checks will be signed by former classmates who dropped out two years ago. â€Å"Instead, I want to give hope to any underclassmen here today.I say to you, and I can't stress this enough: leave. Pack your things and your ideas and don't come back. Drop out. Start up. â€Å"For I can tell you that a cap and gown will keep you down just as surely as these security guards dragging me off this stage are keeping me down . . . † The last line of the piece should have given away the joke, if nothing else did. Larry Ellison being dragged off a stage is a satisfying mental image to contemplate and provides snopes. com: Larry Ellison ‘Loser' Commencement Speech http://www. snopes. com/quotes/ellison. asp? print=y ? 2 ? 2012/9/21 10:41 a wonderful closing for a piece that would otherwise be difficult to orchestrate an ending for, but that's all it ever could be, even if Ellison had addressed the Yale Class of 2000 and had given that speech. (Which, by the way, he hadn't). Venerable institutions of higher learning have at times chosen keynote speakers they've later had cause to regret. The price of turning the podium over to another is having to listen politely to the entirety of his address, even if it is offensive. Audiences are still expected to clap at its culmination, and hoever introduced the speaker is still on the hook for thanking him for his insights. Such are the demands of a polite society, with security guards standing poised to remove invited guests who give voice to unpo pular sentiments not figuring anywhere into the equation. Should there still be any remnant of doubt about the veracity of the article in question, Yale didn't have a guest speaker at its 299th graduation ceremony, held in May 2000. Yale seniors received a more personal address on Class Day, another part of this two-day commencement ceremony.The keynote speaker for that event was Bob Woodward, who graduated from Yale in 1965. (His investigation of the Watergate break-in helped win a Pulitzer Prize for The Washington Post in 1973. ) Larry Ellison is a prime choice for such lampooning because this thrice-married, thricedivorced multimillionaire is known for living larger than life. A 1997 unofficial biography was titled The Difference Between God and Larry Ellison: God Doesn't Think He is Larry Ellison. Barbara â€Å"leisure unsuited larry† Mikkelson Additional Information: SatireWire BBSpot Last updated:

With specific focus on Anthem for Doomed Youth evaluate the methods the poet uses to bring across his convictions, feelings and ideas

â€Å"Who longs to charge and shoot, Do you my laddie.† This jingoistic wartime poem by Jessie Pope ignites Owen's anger at these false impressions of war. This is evident in such poems as Dulce et Decorum est, originally penned towards Pope, hence the initial title, To a Certain Poetess. Owen's â€Å"senses were charred† at the sight of the â€Å"suffering of the troops†, such accusations about the nature of warfare fuelling the malice of his work. Owen never openly retaliates, instead opting to include his resentment towards writers like Pope in his poems. Owen frequently conveys his convictions of lost youth in Anthem For Doomed Youth by referring to â€Å"the hands of boys†, evidently refusing to acknowledge the maturity of the men. Owen's numerous references to religious symbols heightens the effects of his poems. In Anthem, we hear the â€Å"demented choirs of wailing shells.† Angelic choirs are ironically reversed as Owen negates Christian ritual as being unfitting for those who die amid screaming shells. In Mental Cases, we also bear witness to Biblical images, asking if we are: â€Å"Sleeping, and walk hell But who these hellish?† Owen often compares war to Hell, comparing soldiers to creatures undergoing eternal torment, â€Å"Wherefore rock they, purgatorial shadows†. This adds to the created impression of those driven mad by war, as he asks if the â€Å"multitudinous murders† these men have committed has doomed them to Hell. Owen insists these soldiers are not to blame, for ‘we' dealt them this â€Å"tormented† fate. Anthem is a similar reversal, where Owen utilizes heavenly elements, â€Å"orisons†. Yet, these spiritual references are used negatively: the only true regret is the â€Å"holy glimmers of goodbyes† in the dying soldiers' eyes. The gloriousness of Heaven and God is ignored, extending the distressing impact of the poem on the reader, as similar devilish imagery is used in other poems, such as the gas victim's â€Å"devil sick of sun† face in Dulce. This imagery is so contorted it is unearthly, and seemingly impossible – just as the devil bec oming tired of sinning is impossible. Owen's verbal images are parallel to artwork of the time, in particular Otto Dix's Assault Under Gas, shown below. In this art piece, Dix mirrors the tortured, hellish scenes of Dulce, with the cries of â€Å"Gas!† almost audible. The visual imagery suggests the mental effects of the attacks on the soldiers, highlighted by the colour grey – as if life had been drained from them. Owen would have been aware of this, as he was treated at Craiglockhart Hospital for shellshock, amongst men whose â€Å"slumbers were morbid and terrifying.† In Futility, the image of the Sun is frequently used. It is often associated with life and its joys, however, Owen is very sarcastic in his reversal of the sun, first writing: â€Å"If anything might rouse him now The kind old sun will know.† Owen then goes on to criticise the Sun, labelling it as useless. He asks why we are created and given warm life, when war destroys everything of value: â€Å"O what made fatuous sunbeams toil To break earth's sleep at all?† Owen also adopts animal imagery to his poems to further the displayed messages. In Anthem, Owen's opening line contains the powerful simile comparing soldiers as those, â€Å"who die as cattle?† referring to the high numbers of dead soldiers, especially young soldiers, being cut down in their prime, just as cattle would. Owen suggests they were grown for a specific reason (to fight), and killed once they had met their purpose (being slaughtered on the battlefield). In Owen's first draft of Anthem, written, with guidance from Siegfried Sassoon, in Craiglockhart, he stressed the â€Å"cattle† reference as an emotional jeer at the overly ambitious generals who used the men as cannon fodder. The parallel to animals is used to great effect. In Dulce et Decorum est, Owen details the men who â€Å"had lost their boots, limped on, blood-shod.† â€Å"Boots† and â€Å"shod† remind us of the horses used in the war, who had iron-shod shoes – portraying men as if they were beasts of burden, slumbering forward with heavy loads on their back – the worry and terror of what would face them weighing the men down. We see the effects of such an affliction in Mental Cases, where the â€Å"jaws that slob their relish† disparage â€Å"us who dealt them war and madness† by â€Å"pawing†. Such quotes accentuate the dehumanisation of these men that once â€Å"sang their way†, signalling the end of their transition into â€Å"rocking† wrecks. Owen recreates the horrors of war through his gruesome graphic imagery, particularly in Dulce's â€Å"green sea†, where the â€Å"flound'ring† of the victim â€Å"smothers† his dreams. The realisation of such a sight is alarming to the reader. Even in Owen's time, such a description would shock the reader into picturing the â€Å"sick of sin hanging face†. Owen's passion displays the real effects of such a grim and â€Å"monstrous† war, trying desperately to erase the false screen created by such jingoistic writers as Pope. One of Owen's tendencies is to incorporate intense sounds to support the potent imagery: â€Å"We were caught in a tornado of shells† This extract, from one of Owen's letters, provides insight into his writing of Anthem: â€Å"The shrill, demented choirs of wailing shells† Owen uses his â€Å"submerged memories of warfare† to great effect, frequently applying onomatopoeia to his poems – the â€Å"stuttering rifle's rapid rattle† in Anthem, and the â€Å"batter of guns† in Mental Cases. The powerful resonance of the weapons intensifies the empathy the reader has for the â€Å"sacrificed men†, as the hellish scene recreates the â€Å"rattling† in our own ears, as if we, the reader, were there. In Futility, a direct contrast is apparent, as the â€Å"whispering of fields at home† signifies the sharp difference between the frontline action, and the calmness of Blighty. This is a stark reminder from Owen that, whilst everything's fine and calm in Britain, there are â€Å"full-nerved† men dying in France. The continuation of Anthem's onomatopoeic clatters is mirrored most notably by Mental Cases' â€Å"batter of guns and shatter of flying muscles†. The rhyming extends Owen's vivid ideas by suggesting that, as well as fighting and seeing the misery of comrades falling, the sounds of the â€Å"multitudinous murders they once witnessed† replay constantly in their minds, reminding them of the torment they met. In Dulce, we can ‘hear' the â€Å"guttering choking† and â€Å"gargling† of the â€Å"hanging face†, as well as visualize the grotesque scene, subjecting the reader to view the true nature of war further. As well as applying haunting adjectives to his work, Owen utilizes pace to maintain his high level of passion. This is most evident in Dulce, where each verse is different in speed. The opening verse is drawn out -very slow – with long, elongated vowels and verbs completing the stanza, â€Å"lame†, â€Å"lost† and â€Å"coughing†. This mirrors the fatigue of the soldiers, who would be deprived of sleep and be very slow in their speech. As the poem progresses into the gas attack, a pacy, urgent tone is adopted, with the cries of â€Å"Gas! Gas! Quick, boys!† As Owen describes the gas victim's painful end, the solemnly spoken words are slower, reverting back to the lingering sounds of the first verse, â€Å"writhing† . In Anthem, the â€Å"passing bells† of the funeral suggests a slow, sombre tone, as is the case with funerals. However, with the â€Å"bugles calling† and the â€Å"wailing†, the mournful mood is lost, just like the youth of Britain. Owen often ends his poems with an accusatory conviction, a controversial one that projects his innermost feelings, chosen to express the untold truths about war, and how the patriotic campaigns to conscript men are disgraceful. In Anthem, Owen ends with: â€Å"Their flowers the tenderness of patient minds, And each slow dusk a drawing down of blinds† This is a direct contrast to the whole poem, where Owen suggests the â€Å"monstrous anger of the guns† accompanies them in death. Instead of his habitual ending of a â€Å"Lie†, Owen's ending is surprisingly peaceful, displaying a compassion for the dead previously unseen in his other poems. Mental Cases, Futility and Dulce, however, all oppose the somewhat ‘upbeat' ending. Dulce ends with â€Å"The old Lie: Dulce et decorum est Pro patria mori.† Owen flat out accuses the old saying, and the certain poetess, that to die for your country is not sweet and meet. Owen even goes as far as ironically rhyming â€Å"glory† and â€Å"mori†, as to satirically jeer at Jesse Pope, completely contradicting her. Owen asks if â€Å"my friend, you would not tell†¦the old Lie†, passionately addressing the reader, but also the frank direction at Pope not to print her jingoes, ironically donning her â€Å"friend†. This mirrors the ending to Mental Cases, where a sharp change of address sees the blame of the â€Å"extrication† shift to â€Å"us who dealt them war and madness†. Owen deliberately develops the poem to the startling climax, enveloping the blame around society as a whole, and not just certain poetesses. Dulce and Mental Cases match in descriptions, where the futile attempts to â€Å"pick† and â€Å"snatch† combine to provide the reader with an overwhelming sense of grief, at having sent these men off to war. Owen's ideas mean that we, the modern reader, feel this guilt at having sent innocent youths to their untimely deaths, when we had done nothing. However, contextually, the reader would have read this, and known that they had done wrong, becoming guilt-ridden at their mistake. This is similar to Futility, where Owen accuses the â€Å"fatuous sunbeams† of wasting human life, agreeing with the Doomed Youth title, but opposing its final lines. Futility describes how men are killing others, ending life, when we should not be ordering the termination of it – undoing God's work, when it is not our right to. Owen's feelings towards death, and the ending of life, are the fundamental issues in his poems. In Dulce, Owen is constantly comparing young with old, â€Å"bent double, like old beggars† and â€Å"knock-kneed, coughing like hags†. Dulce also details how the men â€Å"marched†¦drunk with fatigue†, explaining the exhausted state of the men. These three quotes are shocking, as these men are young, energetic men, but they're being reduced to quivering wrecks – suggesting men age quicker in the trenches, due to the horrors they see, and what they have to experience. This is a direct juxtaposition, where the young are dying before the old (A role reversal), but are seen as being ‘old' themselves. Owen's visual ideas on death are nothing short of morbid, describing: â€Å"at every jolt, the blood Come gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs† In Dulce and Mental Cases, Owen adopts a macabre approach to extend the demons of these men. In Dulce, the â€Å"white eyes† of the â€Å"hanging face† suggest death is upon the man, and that he is looking at the men to choose his next victim. This idea is carried into Mental Cases, where there are men â€Å"whose minds the Dead have ravished†. Owen suggests, through a conviction of anxiety, that death is omnipresent, and that the worst fear is to become a â€Å"purgatorial shadow†. Owen writes to display one main conviction: that the false pretences of war are just that – false. By writing about such shocking and disturbing issues, Owen breaks the fabricated lies and makes his feelings known by adding ambiguous sentences to his poems, â€Å"marching asleep† – fatigue of war, or asleep to the glorious propaganda that recruited them? Owen's poems are full of truths, however controversial they seem, and he projects his convictions and feelings any way he can, regardless of consequences.

Knowledge Questions for Unit Hsc 44

The account should focus on the actions of the candidate; it must include dates when activity took place. If responses to questionsare used then indicate this and attach the questionsWrite your account in here. As a candidate, make sure you describe and explain your actions.Knowledge Questions for Unit HSC Who draws up the Code of Practice for Social Care? The General Social Care Council. Outline features of systems used in Lincolnshire in respect of confidential reporting of issues of concern. The council has its own policy which helps to inform on bad practice, difficulties between staff members and complaints ect. This isthe ‘whistle blowing’ policy and it was designed in order to protect those wishing to make a complaint and to avoid such things as victimization. Although anonymous, complaints are still dealt with the same seriousness as named complaints although it is preferredthat applicants with complaints should not be anonymous. When the Children’s act 2004 was published it contained some major changes for the way in which services were to be delivered. Take one and explain in your own words the advantages this brings for the wellbeing of children and their families. The Childrens Act 2004 brought about many changes and most significant was the Every Child Matters campaign that runs along side the 2004 act. For the Act itself the main change that helps in the work that I do is the implementation of the CAF. This works in line with the need for inter-agency working. I think this is one on the most crucial changes of the Act, and as the Victoria Climbie inquiry showed many agencies were involved with the case and through lack of communication, information sharing and joint working Victoria Climbie died at the hands of her aunt. One of the many advantages is local authorities drive for inter-agency working. Through this many agencies are trying to change their way of working and with the help of the CAF more agencies are invited to the first meeting when a child has been shown to have additional needs. On the whole the process is proving to be more focussed on the child and family and this reduces any stigma for the families as in the past most cases where always referred to social workers. Families and children are now seen more often and social workers can now focus on the more complex and child protection cases. Through inter-agency working families and children are given the help that meets their needs and reduces the need for long term involvement. 8a Outline the features of the Dfes initiative â€Å"Building a Culture of Participation† This initiative is led by the government in their commitment to allow children to have a say in how policies affect them and to contribute to how a service is delivered. By listening to children and young people it ensures that policies and services are designed around their needs. This leads to better outcomes for children, young people and families. It also allows for policies to be effectively evaluated and evolve as necessary. 9a Outline the Common Assessment Framework. Explain why this Government initiative has been introduced and its purpose. The CAF was implemented in 2006 in order to have a universal assessment form that could be used by all agencies and professionals. This was in line with some of Lord Laming’s recommendations after the Victoria Climbie enquiry. As a universal document it reduces the need for repetitive assessments and focuses more on the child and family and multi agency working. The CAF process can start at any time once it has been identified that a child has an additional need. Once agreed all information is shared between the agencies involved again reducing the chance of a child ‘falling through the system’. As the CAF is aimed at early intervention some one such as a school teacher can be the lead professional allowing more serious cases to be dealt with by social workers. As children can often have what was once deemed as minor issues and not warrant the classification as a child in need, through the CAF they are classed as having additional needs which allows professionals to work with the child and family. Once a child that has been highlighted as a CAF they can move in and out of the system as identified issues arise. 9bc Summarise the targets of the combined health and education initiative â€Å"Healthy schools†. The national healthy schools programme promotes a whole school approach to health. The programme is a joint initiative between the department of health and the department for children, schools and families. It aims to deliver benefits for children on improvement in health, raise pupil achievement, more social inclusion and a closer working between health promotion providers and education establishments. The public health white paper choosing health (2004) set a challenging target for 75% of schools to achieve healthy school status by 2009 and for all schools to work towards this target. Through a planned curriculum schools can promote learning and healthy lifestyle choices. The four core themes within the programme are: Healthy eating Physical activity PSHE Emotional health and well-being. 12 How does the Joint Annual Review shape the way in which Children’s Services are delivered locally. You may wish to discuss Lincolnshire’s last JAR and comment on how the recent Service restructuring has been a result of this. The Children’s Act requires joint area reviews to be conducted in each children’s services authority area. The multi-disciplinary team of inspectors review all services provided to children and young people aged 0 – 19. There are around 42 key judgements which relate directly to the five outcomes highlighted in the every child matters framework. Through the Lincolnshire JAR report published in March 2007 it was proved that there was a need for better facilities for all children aged 0 – 19. There are now plans to develop a further 23 children’s centres by 2008. Through this service restructuring the aim is to shift the balance of services from interventionist to a preventative approach. The strengthening families will work with partner agencies to deliver the five outcomes for the every child matters. This is where children’s services as a targeted service interface as part of a universal service. 16e Identify the risks to effective working caused by stresses on the work force and recommend what action can be taken. When work becomes too stressful for an individual it can cause a knock on effect throughout the staff team and the cases in which the individual is working on. The individual can start to have more days off sick which could cause other staff members to add to their workload in taking on those individuals cases. Stress can also cause the individual to lose direction and focus in the cases they work on and this can result in a reduced quality of service for those particular families. Stress in the work place can be identified early and then reduced by regular supervision. Supervision gives the individual a chance to discuss their cases and anything that might be causing them to feel stressed. Supervisors are then able to help supervisee’s in managing there stress before it gets to the point where it affects all that they do. Staff meetings are another opportunity to get together on a regular basis with other team members as it’s a chance for everyone to discuss their working role as well as any difficult cases they may have. This gives a chance for positive reinforcement by the manager on the work that is being done and also a chance to ‘brainstorm’ ideas that might help with the work. 17 Explain in a short paragraph how the Social Model of disability affects children and their families which you work. The social model of disability says that people are disabled not by their impairment, but by society that does not take account of their needs and prevents them from having full access to society due to physical, communication and social barriers. A large majority of the families that I work with fall into the category of being disabled by society. Those families that are most disadvantaged are those living in poverty. Families face multiple stresses which can affect a child’s needs. If a parent struggles to provide an adequate environment for a child this will impact on the child’s developments and the parent’s capacity to care for the child. CHILD A CHILD B No dependence on social security benefits Household receives multiple enefits Two parent family Single adult household Three or fewer children Four or more children White Mixed ethnic origin Owner occupied home Council or privately rented home More room than people One or more persons per room 18a/b See 8a above. 18d Using Lincolnshire County Councils Competency framework, explain how you would assist a member of your team to develop skills in risk management with regards to child protection. You need to be specific to an individual competency. Using competency number 8 –Analysis and Judgement. I would be able to assist the member of staff in th e above question. As part of the competency it requires the individual to look closely at the work they do and how it could be improved. Part of this is through having a broad range of information about an issue. In this particular instance it would be child protection. This could be done in-house through regular supervision. This can be through asking the individual to research up to date information and then having a question answer session on the information they have found. This shows that the indivual has done what is requested and demonstrates that they have an understanding of the subject that they would then be able to take into their work practice. Another useful development skill would be to assign the individual to a child protection case that was held by a social worker. The indivual would gain insight into the process of how child protection is identified and then managed. This hands on approach would give valued knowledge and development without risk to the family involved. Finally a child protection training course would be beneficial to the individual to again further develop there knowledge of the subject. 19 What impact does placement disruption potentially have on the wellbeing of Children In Public Care. You should relate your answer the recent Government paper ‘Care Matters’ Most children who end up in care experience multiple moves. It is standard that three or more moves constitutes as placement stability. Child development theories say that repeated movements jeopardize the opportunity for children to develop secure attachments with carers and trusting relationships with adults. Children with behaviour problems, prior instability and the age of the child at placement have all been found to be important factors in placement instability. 24 List 3 types of evidence that would be valid in court. Explain your rational behind each one. 1) Video Evidence- For children 14years and under. Also for children classed as a vulnerable witness. Video evidence reduces the need for a child to be in court and to be face to face with the perpetrator. 2) Court reports – These are factual based evidence which follow a mandatory guideline for completing. 3) Records – Records are an essential source of evidence for investigations and inquiry’s, and may also be used in court proceedings. Therefore it is essential that any records on a child are clear and accurate and ensure that there is a documented account of an agency’s or professional’s involvement with a child and/or a family. 25 Provide three examples of recording information that might be deemed discriminatory and explain why, in at least one of these examples, the discrimination might pass without comment. 1) The child is ‘missing’ from the record – This doesn’t mean that the child hasn’t been mentioned at all, but that their wishes and feelings, their views and understanding of their situation, are not rec orded. The absence of a child from the record suggests to the reader that no work has been done with the child, or that the child has not been involved in any work. 2) Facts and opinions are not differentiated – Failing to differentiate between fact and opinions can result in the significance of some information being overlooked, or opinions becoming accepted as facts and which could influence the management of the case. If opinions and judgements are not substantiated in the record it can be difficult to explain how these were made to family members who access the records especially if the case holder who wrote them is no longer working within the agency. 3) The record is not written for sharing. This account must (except in the case of responses to questions) be authenticated by at least one of the following Work products seen List Witnessed by— Name Sign Expert Include on witness list Y/N I confirm the authenticity of the Signature of Candidate work above DATE 31. 03. 08 I confirm the judgements claimed Signature of Assessor TICK IF OBSERVED above DATE ———————– EV 5

Profile in crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Profile in crime - Essay Example "My mother was cancer. She slowly destroyed everything around her. She produced two killers; me and my brother Joe." – (Richard Kuklinski in an interview on HBO) In fact, in 1940, his father Stanley Kuklinski had beat his elder brother Florian to death and hid this fact stating that he fell to his death down a flight of steps. Richard Kuklinski had witnessed the harsh realities of life ever since his childhood and by the age of ten he was filled with remorse, hate and rage. He followed the footsteps of his father by inflicting torture on animals as well as his friends if he felt offended by them. He committed his first murder by the young age of fourteen (thirteen?) and from then on he began feeling a sense of power when he discovered that he could be in control of the situation. ‘The Ice Man’ was another name given to Richard Kuklinski because he froze some of his victims in an ice-box. "We called him 'the Ice Man' because he froze some of his victims, kept them in an icebox he had for a while, then put them out so we could not tell when the murder actually took place, you see." (Paul Smith, new Jersey Organized Crime and Racketeering Bureau investigator.) Though he appears to be a quiet person, yet his looks are quite deceiving when considering the brutal way in which he murdered his victims and had kept the secret away from this family for so many years. In an interview program on HBO, Kuklinski confessed to having worked as a contract killer for many Italian- American families involved in crime and says how he had to travel to places such as Africa, Brazil and Europe on his ‘business trips.’ He also states that he doesn’t particularly enjoy killing his victim, but he gets more pleasure from planning, stalking and hunting down his victim. Facts of the Case I have chosen to write about Richard Kuklinski’s first murder that he committed when he was only thirteen years old. The murder took place in the year 1948 an d was of Charley Lane, a small time leader of a gang of teenagers who call themselves as â€Å"The Project Boys.† Charley and his gang had bullied Richard for some time and following a bad beating, Richard wanted to take his revenge on all of them. Richard attacked Charlie with a solid wooden dowel from his closet, when he was walking home alone, and beat him to death. He then took his body and disambiguated some of its parts by removing his teeth and chopping off the tips of his fingers with a hatchet, in order to prevent identification of the body. (Carlo Phillip, 2006) The above actions he had made use of were taken from a Magazine that he had read. Kuklinski then took his body and dumped it off a bridge in South Jersey. Richard Kuklinski admitted that he had no intentions of killing Charley Lane, but harboring revenge against him proves his intentions to be false. This point is again proved when we find that Kuklinski went further to beat and wipe out the other six boys b elonging to Charley Lane’s gang by making use of a metal pole taken from a thrash can. The first weapon used for the first murder of Charley Lane was a wooden dowel, but as years passed by Kuklinski is found to have used a variety of weapons such as guns, hand-grenades, ice-picks, knives, bats, strangulation and even fire for murdering his victims. This he did in order to remain elusive from the Police and to divert their attention towards other criminals. He never regretted committing any of his murders. As Douglas Martin, New York Times

Writing an annotated bibliography of books. On the topic sex education Research Paper

Writing an annotated bibliography of books. On the topic sex education - Research Paper Example The books aims at creating awareness of marriage as well as advising the couple. The information was gathered from people’s personal experience. The flow of the book is excellent, but it is extremely complicated to get certain information from the book since there are no subheadings. The books also lack the emerging issues since it was authored a while ago. This book evaluates the values in sex education. The book argues that it is difficult to put into action any aspect of sex education if the values are not adhered to. The information of the book relied upon some young people who were involved in sex education. The information and topics are well arranged for easy reference. This book addresses the issue of the same sex relationships and their impact on students. The investigation was conducted in schools where there were students living with people who are gays or lesbians. The book is well organized, and all information is well documented. The book is current and covers a lot of relevant information in my study. The books look into the impact of sex education on social inequality especially gender inequality. The author has researched on school students and how they interact. The author highlight that sex education has a big role I promoting social and sexual injustice. The topics in this book are well arranged making it easy to retrieve information. The book is updated and covers most recent developments in the

Career Design Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Career Design - Term Paper Example person involved in politics, I learned that there are actually intangible matters that are important and of lesser importance than others such as fairness rather than status, respect rather than recognition, health rather than stability, freedom rather than security, honesty rather than influence, and so on. This means that there are many important matters in life but there is a need to streamline which of them are the personal choices of an individual in order for him to determine his choices of action. 4) Values Assessment + Values alignment Paper: In 750 words or less, describe the alignment between your values and your career choice. How has your career and the role(s) you play in your professional life reflected your core values and beliefs? According to Cooper and Cottrell (2010), â€Å"Clearly articulating one’s professional purpose and professional values can clarify career direction as well as provide inspiration and ongoing career motivation†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (13). This means that in my choice of career, I have carefully balanced which are the most important values in my life and then made a career decision patterned after these values. As a professional, often times, I encounter co-workers that seek help at the workplace but after evaluating my role and their own roles, I learn that there are workloads that I should accomplish, and there are also loads that they need to accomplish. By being fair to myself and to them, I did my best to accomplish all tasks expected of me. Where tasks under their responsibility were delegated to me, I reminded them that the details of the task specifically states that it was their responsibility and that it is expected that they deliver the tasks. In addition, by doing what are expected of me, I am being fair to my employers and my fellow employees. I exercise respect towards all my colleagues and supervisors by avoiding rude speech and unacceptable actions such as letting them finish their message before bowing down to

College students' Perception o the use of social network tool for Essay

College students' Perception o the use of social network tool for education learning - Essay Example His study found out that many students were strongly supportive of internet learning platforms because the platforms made learning easier. Aghaee’s findings correlate with Beltran and Belle studies, which found out that most participants â€Å"â€Å"strongly agreed† and â€Å"agreed† that they had better engagement using social networks† (p.77). Mok, established â€Å"91.7% of students going online daily† (2012, p. 141) with largest number opting to use Facebook. Irwin, Ball, Desbrow and Leveritt (2012), however, seem to raise the question on the effectiveness in blending social platforms into school curriculum in order to have meaningful performance impact. Enriquez Angelo (2014) on the other hand investigated the effectiveness of a virtual network as a learning tool. He interestingly concluded that a significant percentage of study participants perceived Edmodo as an invaluable pedagogical tool. Buzzetto found out that participants perceived YouTu be as a passive rather than active learning tool. This is because YouTube provides ‘Past’ information in form of videos. Indeed, according to Irwin, Ball, Desbrow and Leveritt (2012), most students â€Å"perceive benefits through enhanced communication, interaction, and flexibility in course content delivery† (p.1230). The research will primarily focus on Northern Colorado undergraduate and graduate students. The rationale for using undergraduate and graduate level students is because they are the most active group on the use of social media. Whereas use of social media seems fairly divided across both genders, the research will aim at finding any interesting outcomes in regard to gender. The perception on use of social media has a large dependence on the age of users. The fact that the study will be carried out in a college setting sets the age bracket to 18-28 years. The study will also put into consideration the ethnic diversity across the college.

Country report on the monetary policy of a central bank in the UK Case Study

Country report on the monetary policy of a central bank in the UK - Case Study Example Country report on the monetary policy of a central bank in the UK Financial crisis harmed global financial market rapidly during the year 2007 to 2008. Crisis affected the developed countries rapidly. Financial crisis hit American financial market by Lehman Brother’s bankruptcy. Financial crisis is reducing the scope of housing market efficiency in the UK. Return of the investment of the housing markets are declining rapidly. Droop in housing demands harmed the economy of the UK. Institutional and individual investors are not able to recover proper return as housing estates are not able to earn profits in the time of financial crisis (Bankofengland.co.uk, 2015b). Debt interest rates are depending on potential mortgage assets. During the years of 2007 and 2008, potential and already investors are having lower ability to invest money. Financial institutions are having low investment. People at that moment of time preferred to hold liquid cash rather than investing those. This policy of the people reduced the potentials of mortgage keeping. Securities of loan payment are facing hindrance of risk potentials. In the UK many small sized banks are losing out the rate of reserve which they are unable to provide credit. Housing industry of the UK faced certain risks regarding collection of investment from money and exchange industry. Money exchange market of the UK has lost the feasibility during 2007 and 2008 period.

Analysis and consider future sources of change and recommendation for Essay

Analysis and consider future sources of change and recommendation for McDonals's (Hong Kong) - Essay Example The organisational dynamics of change can be evident in the form of that the communication in the organisation deteriorates. The productivity also tends to suffer and the morale of the employees goes down. On the other hand, the individual dynamics of change takes place in different ways. Even if the change is quite exciting, individuals expect a sense of loss. Change is often perceived to bring a sense of confusions and ambiguity (Telfair, 2008). Change is referred as an essential aspect for any business, especially in those business houses where innovations takes place on a continuous basis and readily acclimatise to shifts in the market (Doherty & Waterhouse, 2006). Since the year 1955, when McDonald’s was established in Des Plaines, Illinois, there are more than 30000 restaurants over 100 countries globally. It has been the largest fast service restaurant in the globe. The basic philosophy behind the successful operations of McDonald’s has been its belief that in or der to be successful, the company should be quite flexible and adept to the societal changes (McDonald’s Corporation, n.d.). Hong Kong is considered as the â€Å"food capital of the world† and has over 10000 restaurants that serve food from all around the globe. The people of Hong Kong have a cosmopolitan taste. They love to eat and enjoy foods from all around the world. McDonald’s is one particular kind of restaurant that they love to visit. With the introduction of the McDonald’s restaurant in Hong Kong, there have been changes in the product of McDonald’s for the consumers of Hong Kong (White, 2005). Change management has been evident in McDonald’s of Hong Kong as well. McDonald’s basic menu was promoted by the franchise of Hong Kong while paying less attention to introduce the products that would be more recognisable and preferable to the Chinese consumers. The food has been quite indistinguishable from the food served in Moline, Illinois or Mobile, Alabama. McDonald’s also applied the conservative approach to its breakfast items. In the year 1980, when the morning service was started, American-style items such as eggs, pancakes, muffins and hash brown potatoes were not served. The local outlets served hamburgers and fries at a standard fare for breakfast then. Its first venture into the ‘early morning food market’ was so successful that Chairman Mr. Daniel Ng didn’t want to introduce the American-style breakfast items, with a fear that if there is shift in the menu then this might alienate the consumers who were beginning to consume hamburgers and fries as their regular diet. The change to American style food happened gradually and today it is evident that most of the Hong Kongers order for breakfast that is similar to the food items ordered by the Americans (Lechner & Boli, 2004). Future Changes It is evident that the lifestyle that is emerging in Hong Kong which can be best desc ribed as postnationalist, postmodern and flamboyantly transnational (Lechner & Boli, 2004). The world is changing at a rapid pace. The eating habits of the people are changing. The change may not only be evident in the eating habits of the consumers but also in the managerial culture in the organisation. The sources of change may come from the competitors of McDonald’s, Hong Kong. The major competitors are Cafe De Coral, Burger king and Subway Sandwiches. In order to

Diversity of Islamic ruling in the Practice of Islamic Finance Essay

Diversity of Islamic ruling in the Practice of Islamic Finance Industry - Essay Example Comparative Analysis on the Sources of Islamic Sharia The Islamic law governs the religious sector, the social aspects, and also the financial as well as economic aspects of the Muslim society. The Sharia is wide and was made on the basis of the life of Prophet Mohammed by the Muslim scholars. The Islamic law influences the legal code in the Muslim communities. This is a set of laws and also regulations that are put to rule the Islamic countries. The sharia law applies in the areas like custody, the personal status including marriages and divorces, inheritances, and the economy of the Islamic society (Letha 2011). The word sharia further means ‘path’ in the Islamic community. It means the set guidelines that rule all the areas of a Muslim individual. This includes the daily routine of an individual, the religious sector, and also the financial aspects of the Muslim society. The laws are from the life experiences and lessons, teachings, and practices of the prophet Mohammed. The past and the current Muslim community apply th ese precedents and the analogy from the book to address issues that affect the Islamic society (Johnson & Vriens 2011). The law developed from the prophet who acted as a role model for the Muslim community. The Muslim scholars developed also the ‘hadith.’ This sharia law is currently used by the population in the north and west parts of Africa and also on the eastern parts of china (Johnson & Vriens 2011).... The sharia law applies in the areas like custody, the personal status including marriages and divorces, inheritances, and the economy of the Islamic society (Letha 2011). The word sharia further means ‘path’ in the Islamic community. It means the set guidelines that rule all the areas of a Muslim individual. This includes the daily routine of an individual, the religious sector, and also the financial aspects of the Muslim society. The laws are from the life experiences and lessons, teachings, and practices of the prophet Mohammed. The past and the current Muslim community apply these precedents and the analogy from the book to address issues that affect the Islamic society (Johnson & Vriens 2011). The law developed from the prophet who acted as a role model for the Muslim community. The Muslim scholars developed also the ‘hadith.’ This sharia law is currently used by the population in the north and west parts of Africa and also on the eastern parts of china (Johnson & Vriens 2011). The Quran contains a compilation of the life and the practices of prophet Mohammed. Islamic law is also referred to as the Sharia in the Arabic and in the Muslim community. It is regarded as a deep and also a rich form of intellectual tradition. The Islamic law is replete with well-developing schools of thought. The tradition encompasses scholarly tomes and detail analysis with principles, texts, and other proofs. The Islamic jurisprudence in Arabic is fiqh, from understanding. It signifies the efforts of legal specialists to interpret the Sharia and apply it to particular human circumstances. A train expiry in jurisprudence is referred to as a faqih and is often when addressing the faqih it goes with the honorific

Prison Term Policy Recommendation Essay Example for Free

Prison Term Policy Recommendation Essay The legal definition of armed robbery, according to The Free Dictionary by Farlex is The taking of money or goods in the possession of another, from his or her person or immediate presence, by force or intimidation. (Free Dictionary, 2009) This is not to be confused with larceny. An armed robbery is defined when a person is made to feel fear or harm and then has personal property stolen. Larceny is a person who hasIt is the responsibility for members of the state legislature to thoroughly research whether a bill to double the maximum prison term for any person convicted of armed robbery will be an effective deterrent to future crimes. The data compiled will present the positive and negative aspects of the proposed bill. Therefore, the criminologist advisor will compile a study of the current laws, consequences, and data necessary to make a recommendation. This author will be the criminologist advisor for the New Jersey state legislature member. As the states advisor, this author will present the prison term policy as it stands for armed robbery and the authors recommendation for the change; included will be the incorporation of the Three-Strikes Law to aid in the punishment stage. In the state of New Jersey, the sentence for first degree armed robbery is 25 years in prison. Each armed robbery conviction carries maximum statutory prison sentence of 25 years. (2006) Pursuant to state law, the convict must serve a minimum of 85 percent of their sentence. For a 25 year sentence, this would be 21.25 years. This author feels that if the convicted criminal has no regard for their victim, they should serve their term behind bars. In reality, if a person the age of 40 was sentenced to a term of 25 years, they would be 65 when they were released, if made to serve the entire term. However, if the same 40 year old person was sentenced to a term that had been doubled to 50 years, they would be 90 years old upon release, if they lived to that age. This would mean that tax payers would be forced to pay for this person to be in an already overcrowded prison for the remainder of their life. Most people are not going to want to do this, unless of course the crime led to a death in which case the criminal deserves to be in jail for the remainder of  their life. There is another point of view to consider when thinking about this type of crime. That would be the people who support a change in the laws to double the sentence of a convicted armed robber. If the sentence is 40 years normally and then doubled, it is safe to assume that the person will never see freedom again. In that case, there will be one less dangerous person on the streets who will be able to go out and commit another robbery, and possibly worse. Three Strikes LawThe Three Strikes Law was originally passed in 1993. In the state of New Jersey, the bill was approved May 13, 1994. In fact, the bill was approved in a 35 0 vote. They were slightly behind on passing this bill but it is a good protection for citizens to have. The crimes the bill covers are murder, manslaughter, aggravated assault, kidnapping, sexual assault, robbery and possession of a firearm, explosive or destructive device for an unlawful purpose. (New York Time, 1994) The definition is life in prison for committing three violent crimes, such as murder, manslaughter or robbery. (Three strikes case, 2007) This is a great idea to keep repeat offenders locked up and off the streets. It is a shame though, that a person has to keep committing crimes in order to be locked up permanently. In the case of someone committing armed robbery, there should not be a question of the punishment they deserve to get. When it is proved beyond a reasonable doubt that the person absolutely committed the crime they are accused of, they need to be punished accordingly. Then of course, when that said person gets released and goes out and commits more crimes, they do not deserve a break. When they go into a residence or business with a weapon, whether it is a gun, knife, pepper spray or something else, it is their intention to use force to get what they want. They intentionally want to scare the person or people they are going to rob, and if necessary, they will use physical force which can result in severe injury or even death. This author is a supporter of the Three Strikes Law. She believes that people who do not want to follow the laws and try to make up their own deserve to be punished. She feels that each person has a right to feel safe in their  own home or place of business and when someone comes in and tries to take away that feeling of safety, it can affect that persons life. In the beginning of this paper, it was mentioned that there will be people who do not agree that they should be responsible to pay for a criminal to spend the rest of their life behind bars. The criminal will get a warm place to sleep, three meals a day, exercise, television, education and possibly work duty. The possibility of armed robbers getting double the amount of time to spend in prison is good, but it may not always be a deterrent to other people who are thinking of committing that same crime, or who are currently career criminals. If a person is homeless and is robbing people by force to survive, it is quite possible that they know if they are caught, they will have a place to sleep out of the cold and rain or any other extreme weather. They will also know that they will get meals, which they may not get while living on the streets. It is the opinion of this author that while this law may deter some people from committing crimes, it will not deter everyone. Many criminals have the mindset that they are good at what they do and they will not get caught. Those are famous last words. No matter how good the person is at their crime, they will almost always be caught, regardless of the time line that passes between when they started their career and when they are finally brought to ju stice. Some other issues that had been mentioned when New Jersey was first trying to pass the Three Strikes Law was the cost involved not only with repeat offenders going through a trial and then being jailed again, but also the cost of actually keeping them in prison. The other issue mentioned was the fact that the prisons are already bursting at the seams with inmates so the former Governor Christine T. Whitman wanted to make sure this bill would only apply to the most violent of crimes. (New York Times, 1994) The New Jersey Department of Corrections (NJDOC) houses approximately inmates in minimum, medium and maximum state prisons. The annual cost to house each inmate in 2006 was approximately $38,700 per year. This is more than many people make in a year. There were about 14,000 people incarcerated into the NJDOC in 2006 and that number was expected to rise by 1180 in 2007. In 2006, 14,000 inmates were released and it was expected that 1,180 would be  released each month in 2007. The median term for NJDOC inmates is five years. Fifty percent of all NJDOC inmates are serving terms of one-to-five years; 16 percent are serving terms of six-to-nine years; and 34 percent are serving maximum sentences of 10 years or more. (Department of Corrections)After a thorough review of all the information given in this paper, it is the recommendation of this author that the laws surrounding the violent crime of armed robbery be changed to doubling when convicted of the offense. A statement needs to be made to criminals that the State of New Jersey will not condone violent criminal offenders and will punish them to the fullest extent of the law. These offenders should know that no matter where they go or what they do, their crimes will not go unnoticed and they will be caught and prosecuted. In closing, it is the hope of the author that all members of the State of New Jersey legislation will regard the seriousness of the crime of armed robbery and will take into consideration the information that has been presented and vote in favor of passing this law along side of the passing of the bill of the Three Strikes Law. References Career Criminal Bank Robber Gets 90 Years in Federal Prison (2006) retrieved on March 22, 2009 from http://www.usdoj.gov/usao/nj/press/files/giub1002_r.htmThe Free Dictionary by Farlex (2009) retrieved on March 22, 2009 from http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/armed+robberyCoscarelli, K. (25 October, 2007) NJ top court to decide three strikes case retrieved on March 22, 2009 from http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2007/10/nj_top_court_to_decide_three_s.htmlGray, J. (Ed.). (1994). New Jersey Senate Approves Bill To Jail 3-Time Criminals for Life. New York: The New York Times. Retrieved March 23, 2009, from http://www.nytimes.com/1994/05/13/us/new-jersey-senate-approves-bill-to-jail-3-time-criminals-for-life.html?sec=spon=pagewanted=1New Jersey Department of Corrections (1999 2009) retrieved on March 23, 2009 from http://www.nj.gov/corrections/freqntlyasked.html

The Origin of Theatre Essay Example for Free

The Origin of Theatre Essay â€Å"It is unlikely that anyone will ever know just how theatre emerged† (Grose Kenworthy, 1985: 3). Though there is little certain evidence, strong indications, scattered throughout our history, point to theatre finding its origins in the ancient rituals of shamanism. One might argue that theatre finds its origins quite clearly in ancient Greek theatre seeing as they have many written and still surviving plays and strong standing theatres, but George Freedley (1941) would argue otherwise. The oldest records of plays, stage directions and possibly even scripts are found not in ancient Greece but in Egypt, and they date back till as early as 4000 B. C. in examples of drama such as the Pyramid Texts (Freedley, 1941: 2). We can even directly link Egyptian and Greek performance by noting that a historian of the theatre, Herodotus, recorded â€Å"the religious festivals and the origin of the worship of Dionysos(sic) which was later to be transferred to the dramatic festivals in Greece† (Freedley, 1941: 1). This suggests that theatre as we know it actually finds its roots in ancient Egyptian festivals and dramas preformed in celebration of the gods. A common element seen in both Egyptian and Greek culture, be it on stage or not, is the ritualistic nature of their performances. This fact suggests that the origin of their version of performance and theatre is found in ritual and its significant role in society. â€Å" the earliest information about the presence of such drama comes from the countries of the Eastern Mediterranean, most notably Egypt† (Grose Kenworthy, 1985: 6). As the quote suggests, ritual as a means of drama is found all over the world, but clearly not in the same form as ancient Greek and Egyptian theatre. Therefore, one must look for other examples of ritualistic practises and performance in the world that predate even these ancient cultures. Left is but one known possible source from which theatre may have evolved; shamanism. To add, there are many similarities between recorded and modern theatre, and shamanistic ritual and the belief itself. Firstly, the definition of  Shamanism is: Shamanism can be defined as a family of traditions whose practitioners focus on voluntarily entering altered states of consciousness in which they experience themselves or their spirit(s), travelling to other realms at will, and interacting with other entities in order to serve their community (Walsh, 1990: 15). Further more, it is also important to note that shamanism is not a religion which adheres to specific rules of practise, it is rather a method used to interact with the spirit world (Harner, cited in Walsh, 1982: 12). For this reason we can at least theorise that shamanism and its traits, however few in common, may be the inspiration for later religious and/or non-religious beliefs and customs involving forms of theatre and performance. Greek theatre for example shares many similar traits with shamanism as seen in the following quote: In all three types of drama, tragedy, satyr plays and comedy, the actors were heavily disguised, much more than in the modern theatre. This was due not only to the fact that the female roles were played by men, but ultimately had its roots in religion. A complete disguise was the external sign that the actor had given up his own identity in honour of the god, in order to let another being speak and act through him. Dionysus, for whom the dramas were preformed, was the god of ecstasy. The word á ¼â€ÃŽ ºÃÆ'Ï„Î ±ÃÆ'ÃŽ ¹Ãâ€š means ‘standing outside oneself’; in other words the renunciation of individuality. An important medium for this in all three drama types was the mask. Simon, 1972: 10) When compared to shamanism we see that, as in ancient Greek theatre, the use of attire other than the common dress of the shaman was thought to be essential in the rituals they preformed. Whether the ritualistic costume is extreme clothing or even ritualistic nudity (as in the case of the Eskimo shamans), the important point is that whilst a shaman is wearing his everyday clothing, the experience will not take p lace (Eliade, 1964: 146). We also see that the trance-like state achieved allows for the shaman/performer to channel spirits so that they may communicate and act through him, however this does not necessarily mean that the subject is ‘possessed’. Although shamans are thought to be capable of allowing and inducing the possession of their bodies by spirits, their dealings with spirits primarily involve them ‘wielding’ the spirits with which they are dealing (Eliade, 1964: 15). Lastly, the ancient Greek dramas were performed in honour of the god Dionysus, the god of ecstasy. This is important to note as shamanistic practises are defined by the ecstatic experience a shaman induces as he engages in a trance through which his soul ‘journeys’ and leaves his body so that he may communicate with the spirits (Eliade, 1964: 15). In relation to modern theatre, shamans are known to have undergone not dissimilar training from modern day actors and performers in order to acquire many of the same abilities which are commonly used in theatrical performance. In order to induce the altered state desired shamans have been known to use techniques such as singing, dancing, and drumming (Walsh, 1990: 142). Shamans have even been described as â€Å"singers, magicians, actors and ventriloquists† (Thurn, cited in Narby Huxley, 2001: 43). Though the training a shaman endures is much more demanding and can even be physically damaging, such as when using techniques like self-induced vomiting, feigning nervous fits, and fainting (Levi-Strauss, cited in Walsh, 1972: 102-103), there is still a clear similarity in the level of discipline required of shamans and modern day performers to master their craft. The act of transformation, the ritualistic dress, the rigorous training, and the natural skill required to become a shaman are all traits which we today link to theatre and what is required of its performers, providing a strong indication that shamanism is indeed where it all started. Trying to search further back than this leaves one with little more to work with than what one might all ‘educated guesses’ as to what may have sparked its creation. A popular theory is that theatrical actions were the means by which we communicated before language had sufficiently developed as to convey detailed messages to one-another. As language became a human tool, early nomadic societies were still concerned with the needs of survival. Theatrical elements entered into the conveying of these needs among members of the group itself (Grose Kenworthy, 1985: 4). This theory can of course not be tested or proven, but nor can it be isproven, and therefore it holds weight relative to the view point of the researcher. The origins of theatre are hard to trace, as the pieces evidence to suggest where it truly came from are few and far between. However, based on accounts which have survived through history such as those mentioned above, and the clear similarities between Shamanism, shamanistic ritual and the theatre throughout history, it becomes clear that Shamanism is the most likely origin of theatre as we know it today.

The Related Diversification In A Business

The Related Diversification In A Business Since the pioneering study of Rumelt (1947) an extensive research has focused on the effects of diversification on firm performance. Two types of diversification are generally selected by then firms. Variables of investigation like firm size, industry performance and their effects on performance are not controlled. Typical studies always focus upon that how a firm diversifies? Managers take strategic decisions about product/industry diversification and always choose the appropriate strategies. Current study reveals that much diversification has reduced the risk leading to a better performance. More diversification need not to improve the performance of firms. It can be argued that current thinking encourages the broad diversification which is warranted, suggesting that unrelated diversification selection has poorer managers on average. In this paper we examine an alternative explanation of the difference between the two types of the diversifications across the different firms impacting on their performances. Porters thinking on corporate strategies is focused on the diversification and its effects on the firms. Hamel and Prahalad advocate the diversified corporations must be not looked only the portfolio of discrete business but a collection of important competencies used in market for different products. Literature on diversification and performance represents the sustainable work in the business strategy. Rumelts (1947) has tested the hypothesis that companies adopting the strategy other than related diversification has not performed well. Another avenue taken in the efforts marks linear versus non-linear structure of diversification-modeling relationship (Palich, Cardinal and Miller, 2000). Three main important perspectives are identified by the Montgomery (1994) which helps to know that why a firm selects to diversify: market power, resource based view and agency theory. Agency theory says that diversification is due to the managerial interests at the expense of stakeholders. Managers seek the diversification because they want to increase the compensation and also provide the ways to make the firms more secure and also reduce the dangers of their personal investment portfolio. Diversified firms are more consolidated and form the organizing of economic activities in more effective ways (Penrose, 1959). Market power is third theoretical perspective from which corporate diversification is motivated. Why the Firms Diversify? Firms exist due to their products and managers maximize the profits. An entity called Marshalls representative firm has resemblance with the real business firms and more than one products are integrated. Business transactions are key role player which determine distribution of the firms activities in industries. Related Diversification It is claimed that multi-business firms having the same business portfolios may get advantages which non-diversifies business firms cannot achieve. This raises the two main questions. Firstly the kinds of similarity and secondly the circumstances under which similar business portfolios give the efficient advantages. It is seen that relevant similarities imply the resources substitution and complement the resources in other company. First we look the situation in which involving resources substitute across the industries. Teece (1980, 1982) has pointed out that there exist such indivisibilities which explain the joint production but did not explain that why joint production is organized in a single firm. In case when the excess capacity is created and traded in well established markets, then single firm and unrelated diversifier have opportunity to sell out their excess products. They can also buy the products according to their capacity from other companies. Two separate companies ca n contact each other to share the input facilities. Joint production may have fewer benefits as compared to the dangers which are greater in numbers and their impacts. Firm integration depends upon the comparative benefits of contacting and costs. Only the resource substitutability is not the source of efficiency gains but it also needed the resource complementarily (Teece, Rumelt, Dosi, Winter, 1994). The process of complementary increases as the investment in another company is increased. Also the resource use in one industry affects the resource use in another industry. These qualitative and quantitative coordination problems are well controlled by the diversified firms (Richardson, 1972; Milgrom Roberts, 1992). All kinds of supply chain use the process of complementarities but only a few are integrated. Diversification exploits the complementarities only when specialized firms are prevented by the transaction costs to recognize the benefits of contacts. Complementary products are also main type of the relatedness. The products of every company are used with the conjunction of other complementary products of same company or another company. For example computers are used with software, cars are purchased with loans, and e lectronic equipments are purchased with other accessories; hence these strategic practices concerning the complements are distinguished (Porter, 1985). Unrelated Diversification So for the arguments presented mainly focus upon the decisions which exploit the valuable resources across the industries. A prediction that related diversification should outperform the unrelated diversification or conglomerate diversification exists in the literature about the diversification. In US the conglomerates that arose during 1960s did not disappear from corporate scene. As the Rumelt (1982) has reported that number of single business firms decreased very rapidly during the 1950s which resulted in increase the unrelated business firms. However the major US companies continued to be diversified during the 1990s. Montgomery (1994) reported that from 1985 to 1992 more than two third of 500 Fortune companies were interested in five distinct business lines. Companies having slow growth industry need to use the excess cash to initiate the diversifying. Business firms can leverage their core using the best strategy. But unrelated businesses only need the diversification when attractive profit prospects are offered by the related business opportunities. Joint venture is logically possible with other organizations into areas of business. Strategic sense makes a sizeable profit in companies adopting the diversification. A strong company with slow-growth industry needs to curtail the new investment in present facilities. A concept about the diversification is the strategic fit in the field of strategic management. This concept also implies that when the weaknesses and strengths of companies are realized and top management begins considering the need of diversification through the process of acquisition. The purpose of this model is not only acquiring through the diversification but also identifying the strengths which are transferable into other markets. This model is useful for the firms with distinctive capabilities entering into new market through the acquisition (Salter Weinhold, 1979). Finally companies try to manage the interdependence through the acquisition or diversification and also sustain their growth. Objectives of Diversification Trends and contingencies provide the analysis which indicates that a company must diversify and avail the diversification opportunities. What are the diversification opportunities? Three main opportunities are included here in this paper which significantly impacts the firms performance. Diversification due to unique products ensures that material used for the manufacturing is composed of the functional components, basic materials and other parts which form the final shape of the product. A big lot of material is purchased from the suppliers from outside. Vertical diversification branches out the all production into its components, parts and materials. One of outstanding example of vertical diversification is the Ford Empire. This vertical diversification not only introduces the new products but also caters the new mission. We have already given a touch to horizontal diversification that introduces the new products which are not inline; cater to those missions in companys knowledge a lso experience in marketing, technology and finance. Third way of diversification is lateral diversification that moves beyond the limits of the firms which a firm belongs. Horizontal and vertical diversifications are restrictive because horizontal and vertical diversifications delimit the field of interest while lateral diversification is more extensive. Premises of Corporate Strategy Numbers of premises are required to build the successful corporate strategy. Facts of diversification cant be altered and when these are ignored the corporate strategy fails. The diversification at Marriot has exploited the food services and hospitality due to well-developed skills. Marriot earns a great margin due to its services in nine regional procurement centers. The diversification in Marriot has balanced the start- ups and acquisitions. The start-up is used for the acquisition of small companies. Marriot has expanded its geographic base; acquires the companies and disposes those parts which do not fit. Companies need sharing activities when diversify across the business evolving the similar evolutionary paths. Many industries in the market share the activities. Wal-Mart performs such activities of sharing and distributes at its discount stores and Sams Club warehouses. These companies get success through diversifying across the similar companies enough for their requirements. Companies compromise on activities which become generic when the divisions of companies grow in different in their core requirement. Porter has worked on the business strategies for different industries, companies and concentrated on different aspects of the diversification in business. Porter has also worked on diversification and companies can spread risk and attain development by the diversification and acquisition. Blue-Chip companies including the Boston Consulting Companies and McKinsey developed the models for discovering which companies will raise and fall. Porter has identified the three critical tests for the success. An Attractive Test: Diversification adopting companies must be structurally attractive and attractive industries will produce better results and entry barriers will be high. Suppliers and customers will have very moderate bargaining power and very few products will substitute. Unattractive industries have high fixed costs and also high rivalry. Cost of Entry Test: When cost of entry is high it will prejudice the potential investment and profitability which will also erode before the game starts. Better-off test: It is required that how the acquiring will provide the advantage in acquiring and significant advantage to others. Porter has tackled these issues by knowing the competition unit level. Identifying the core businesses based on the strategies. Core businesses include those which are found in attractive industries and competitive advantage is found in these industries. Interrelationships among the core businesses can be facilitated by creating the horizontal organizational mechanisms. Diversification opportunities are pursued based on the shared activities and pass the all three critical tests. Skills can be transferred through the shared activities pursuing the diversification. Porter has further addressed the assertion and says that internet is in infancy; too observes that lack of strategies like diversification will result in weak market penetration. He has argued that many internet companies are following to run on the unsustainable competitiveness. He further says that new rules of competition will be thrown up by the re-emerging principles (Porter, 2001). Porter found that diversification st rategies had failed in US as many companies were not successful to create the value (Porter, 1987). He provided the proof of his comments as he had seen that many companies in US cut costs and downsized their staff during the 1980s. However this strategy of diversification could not create value for these companies. Porter (1985) has also said that diversified company is nothing without synergy; it is only a mutual fund. Kanter (1989) has also argued that diversifications justification is only the achievement of synergy. However both of the Porter and Knater have acknowledged that companies find it hard to achieve the synergy, therefore the high rate of failure is there for companies. Porter has vast experience to study the diversification from 1950 to 1986 for leading thirty-three companies of the US and concluded that track record of diversification remained poor and in many cases of acquisition was divested. During the 1970s many acquired business units were resold and establishe d themselves as independent firms (Porter, 1987). Prior to porter strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats were framed on SWOT framework developed by the Harvard (Andrew, 1971). However this framework lacked an analytical foundation. Porter Competitive strategy has changed the strategic management during his work in 1970; it has achieved high value in 1990 and still is shaping the thinking on competitive strategy. His work is academic to a fault Mr. Porter is about as likely to produce a blockbuster full of anecdotes and boosterish catch-phrases as he is to deliver a lecture dressed in bra and stockings. (Porter, 1994). He abstracted his thinking into digestible chunks of business and he proved to be helpful for the business and academic world. In every organization of the world Porters five forces are used more frequently. Later thinking of the Porter on corporate strategy rides runs on the new ways of evolutionary approach. Value chain model of Porter attempts to analyze those resources which are possessed by the companies; companies perform the activities linked together. Intrinsic factors like work morale, corporate culture, level of communication, team spirit, leadership and interpersonal skills exploit the maximum inherent power of employees. However Porter does not include these factors in analysis. Primary and supporting technologies are identified in competitive advantage. What are the core technologies which impact an organization in achieving the competitive advantage? The core functions consist of internal resources of a company such as company culture, management and organizational stru cture. Joint ventures or acquisition adds new skills to the corporation but in Competitive Advantage the intrinsic factors always lead to create or develop technology advancement. Merging or acquiring is also included in the advance technology of diversification. Prahalad and Hamel (1990) have argued that diversified corporations must not be seen as portfolio of discrete business; but also the collection of the competitively necessary competencies; which are used in many markets and different products. Above arguments of Prahalad and Hamel are based on the Honda Company. The core competence theory of Hamel and Prahalad has identified the fundamentals of the core competencies in companies. Bundle of skills and technologies shape the core competence and not the single skill or the technology do it. Prahalad et.al (2001) argues that firms achieve the core competencies when multiple technologies are harmonized along with the customer knowledge, skills and marketing institution to manage them synergistically. This is called the creative building (Prahalad et.al, 2001). Both of Hamel and Prahalad have focused upon the production skills and corporate wide technologies to define the core competencies. The importance of the Prahalad arguments rests on the similarities found in the forms of relatedness as well as in unrelated business. However Hamel and Prahalad concede that approach adopted by the Porter embodies the concept of strategic fit; matching the external requirement with the organizations resources is not so much wrong but it can be referred as unbalanced. Managers imply the concept of strategy that fits with the resources of an organization. According to Hamel and Prahalad the Porters approach is not wrong but it tends to vague the approach where strategic stretch supplements the strategic fit. Here the strategic means the creation of the gap between resources and ambition. We again come to the core competencies but now it comes from the school of Prahalad and Hamel. Hamel and Prahalad (1990) argued that management created organizational abilities of making the products according to the needs of the customers. They have argued as: The skills that together constitute the core competence must coalesce around individuals whose efforts are not so narrowly focused that they cannot recognize the opportunities for blending their functional expertise with those of others un new and interesting ways (Prahalad Hamel, 1990, p.82). The strategic capability brings the cluster of attributes which assist to achieve the competitive advantage. Toyota is a company which has adopted the diversification strategy and Toyota carmakers are happy with the preferred brands as Prius and hybrid cars. General Motors, BMW and DaimlerChrysler have scrambled to roll out their own hybrid products. Ford has also taken step to increase its products but Toyota is leading to produce the more diversified hybrid products. So for we have discussed the different aspects of the diversification across the different companies; theories of Hamel and Prahalad have focused upon the core competencies of the organizations. These core competencies make differentiation of firms adopting them. Porter has advocated that co-operation and collaboration are the means to retain the competitive advantage. Porter has seen that any sign of alliance may prove to be the source of erosion for the long term competitive advantage. Conclusion: We have tried in this paper to focus upon the corporate strategies in business. In most part of the paper we have focused upon the diversification strategy. Diversification with its two common types is described briefly. We have seen that most of the companies in the world operate on the related diversification. The relationship between the cash flow sensitivity and corporate diversification is also investigated in this paper. The cash flow of diversified companies is lower as compared to cash holding. Diversification objectives are also given in this paper. Arguments on the corporate strategy have focused the views of the Porter and other economists. Corporate strategy of Porter depends upon the competitive advantage. It is tried to evaluate the arguments of porter that diversification destroys the value; but Hamel and Prahalad have contradicted the views of the Porter about the core competencies with examples. Quotes from the Porters work are included in this paper which is based o n corporate strategy.

James Baldwins Story Sonnys Blues Essay -- James Baldwin Sonnys Blu

James Baldwin's Story Sonny's Blues James Baldwin?s story ?Sonny?s Blues? is a deep and reflexive composition. Baldwin uses the life of two brothers to establish parallelism of personal struggle with society, and at the same time implies a psychological process of one brother leaving his socially ingrained prejudices to understand and accept the other's flaws. The story is narrated by Sonny?s older brother whom remained unnamed the entire story. Sonny's brother is a pragmatic person, a teacher, husband, and father. He is a typical middle class Joe whose life?s purpose is to conform to society?s rules. He is a conservative person who seldom takes risks, and accepts the majority?s judgment over his. Sonny?s brother has assimilated into white society (mainstream) as much as possible, but still angers at institutional discrimination and the limits placed upon his opportunities. Contrastingly, Sonny has never tried to assimilate any model. He is looking to vent the deep pain and suffering that his status as permanent outsider confers upon him. Both brothers grew up in Harlem (this story elapses from the early 50?s to late 60?s), surrounded by parents carrying psychological scars of discrimination and struggle. Is here at the family?s nest where the brother?s personalities started to split: though the narrator and his parents are physically there for most of Sonny?s childhood, they never really hear him or listen to him, so Sonny drew himself inwards, with disdain for social rules. Sonny?s older brother saw himself as the one bound to take the helm at the light of his father drunkenness. After their parent?s death, Sonny is propelled by his older brother to stay with Isabel?s family (Sonny?s brother?s wife), an effort of Sonny?s brother to rail him into social conformity. Sonny is desperately trying to express himself, first, by telling his brother his wishes to become a Jazz musician, second, through music, restlessly practicing piano lessons at Isabel?s house. Neither Sonny?s brother nor Isabel?s family understand him. So he seeks more of his kind. He runs out the house, joins the navy, travels for a while, and comes back to New York as a Jazz pianist. Sonny?s brother, following a conservative path, uses denial as mechanism of defense. He refuses to accept Sonny for what he is: ?I didn?t like the way he carried himself, loose and dreamlike ... ...r has, as a ?real musician.? In the nightclub?s environment he is the unfit. When music starts to be played, he begins to understand the language of Jazz; the way in which it helps artists express their torment and their fear. While Sonny was performing, he feels how Sonny?s pain and suffering was exiting his body through his finger tips to the piano?s ivory, to the wooden hammers, to the piano wires, and finally airborne in music notes engulfing everybody as communion between the performer and the audience. Sonny internalizes and then expresses all the anguish and joy of the audience. When the music stops, older brother was in tears, because Sonny?s music also made him go deep inside himself and find the pain of his daughter?s death; the pain of broken promises, and the pain of denying his own kind. The end is a triumph for both: Sonny showed his brother his world, his purpose, his bitter-sweet happiness, even with the always present lure of addiction. Older brother found respect and acceptance for Sonny, and such acceptance transformed his view of everything around him. Works Cited: Baldwin, James. "Sonny's Blues" in Vintage Baldwin. New York: Vintage, 2004.

Kurt Cobain Essay example -- Psychology, Psychodynamic Model, Behavior

â€Å"A person’s behavior, whether normal or abnormal, is determined largely by underlying psychological forces of which he or she is not consciously aware.† (Comer, 2011, p. 37) The psychodynamic model is the oldest and most famously used model when diagnosing and treating abnormal behaviors; its purpose is to find the problem hidden in past events within a person’s life. In this paper I will be discussing the life of Kurt Cobain, describing his diagnosis based on the five axes of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV TR, and what his possible treatment could have been, all through a psychodynamic point of view. Throughout Cobain’s childhood he was a sickly child, suffering from bronchitis, the divorce of his parents and was living in a â€Å"depressed and dying lodging town† (Ronson, 1996). At the age of ten Cobain suffered because of loss of security and the constant moving between homes due to his parents’ divorce. (Soylent Communications, 2010) His parents were mostly absent because they were working-class people; Cobain was the â€Å"son of a mechanic and a waitress.† (Soylent Communications, 2010) Growing up the child of working-class people really put Cobain in a place where he was deprived of many things and was left fulfill his own needs, emotionally and physically. Cobain found friendship in Krist Novoselic, who had similar dreams and interests in punk music. (Soylent Communications, 2010) The depressing lodging town of Aberdeen, Washington left Cobain with nothing but scars from the repeated cases of abuse he received by the kids of his school, Cobain d ropped out of high school to pursue his dreams in his bands. Aberdeen was a dying town and nothing new was ever going on there. Cobain however did get his brea... ... be shown that we care about him and want to provide stability in his life. It’s importance for a therapist to share things about themselves and give their honest opinion in order to make the patient comfortable and trusting of them. (Comer, 2011, p. 43) I believe that although this would just the start of his therapy there may be a need for drugs later on if the free association doesn’t work, although he would have prescription drugs in rehabilitation to aid him in the process of becoming permanently clean without the painful side effects of coming off of the drug. The therapy in the beginning is a necessity in getting to the later stages of treatment, the free associating therapy would be the largest part of his recovery and it would work quite well. I can see that this therapy would give him what he never had in life, stability. Kurt Cobain Essay example -- Psychology, Psychodynamic Model, Behavior â€Å"A person’s behavior, whether normal or abnormal, is determined largely by underlying psychological forces of which he or she is not consciously aware.† (Comer, 2011, p. 37) The psychodynamic model is the oldest and most famously used model when diagnosing and treating abnormal behaviors; its purpose is to find the problem hidden in past events within a person’s life. In this paper I will be discussing the life of Kurt Cobain, describing his diagnosis based on the five axes of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV TR, and what his possible treatment could have been, all through a psychodynamic point of view. Throughout Cobain’s childhood he was a sickly child, suffering from bronchitis, the divorce of his parents and was living in a â€Å"depressed and dying lodging town† (Ronson, 1996). At the age of ten Cobain suffered because of loss of security and the constant moving between homes due to his parents’ divorce. (Soylent Communications, 2010) His parents were mostly absent because they were working-class people; Cobain was the â€Å"son of a mechanic and a waitress.† (Soylent Communications, 2010) Growing up the child of working-class people really put Cobain in a place where he was deprived of many things and was left fulfill his own needs, emotionally and physically. Cobain found friendship in Krist Novoselic, who had similar dreams and interests in punk music. (Soylent Communications, 2010) The depressing lodging town of Aberdeen, Washington left Cobain with nothing but scars from the repeated cases of abuse he received by the kids of his school, Cobain d ropped out of high school to pursue his dreams in his bands. Aberdeen was a dying town and nothing new was ever going on there. Cobain however did get his brea... ... be shown that we care about him and want to provide stability in his life. It’s importance for a therapist to share things about themselves and give their honest opinion in order to make the patient comfortable and trusting of them. (Comer, 2011, p. 43) I believe that although this would just the start of his therapy there may be a need for drugs later on if the free association doesn’t work, although he would have prescription drugs in rehabilitation to aid him in the process of becoming permanently clean without the painful side effects of coming off of the drug. The therapy in the beginning is a necessity in getting to the later stages of treatment, the free associating therapy would be the largest part of his recovery and it would work quite well. I can see that this therapy would give him what he never had in life, stability.

The Lost Tradition Essay -- Essays Papers

The Lost Tradition Every Sunday was understood to be a family day. No one even thought to make plans with friends or to schedule anything on that day. It was our â€Å"family tradition.† I only wish I appreciated that time with my family more as a child. It always started out the same way. My two brothers and I would awaken to the smell of breakfast, being cooked by my father. We would climb out of bed and wearily make our way to the table. After eating more than we knew we should have, the calm that we once were all in disappeared. The hectic â€Å"getting ready† took over. There was fighting over the bathroom and trying to find lost shoes, even the occasional fist fight between my brothers and me. Although I hated getting ready in such disorganized circumstances, I would love to relive it again. My father rushed the three of us out of the door with barely enough time to make the five minute drive to CCD class. Directly after CCD, we would meet my parents in the church for mass. As much as my brothers and I fought, we knew how to behave in church, and usually the hour passed uneventfully. We got the case of the giggles now and then, but a stern look from my father put that to an end very quickly. The next part of the afternoon was the part I dreaded most. We would all be loaded up into our minivan and taken for long boring drives to the places my parents loved to go. I would have no choice but to stare at the miles of trees and to listen to the local country station for hou...

A.J. Dbq for Us History Advanced Placement

Before Andrew Jackson became president, he came off as an average man living in middle class America. He pulled his â€Å"Average Joe† persona off like a pro and got elected into the White house as a â€Å"man of the people†. However, Jackson may have been a common man, but he wielded power like a king. Kings have a difficult job. They have to walk the fine line of being strict enough that the subjects won't throw a fit when they don't get what they want but at the same time not being too dictatorial or else the people will rebel. More importantly, a king must be firm in what he believes is right for the country. Jackson greatly increased the power of the presidency. He did not comply with the checks and balance system, and also did not allow North Carolina to nullify the Protective Tariff of 1823. Jackson fired the old aristocrats (from farming families) from government jobs and replaced them with incompetent people – this was known as the â€Å"spoils system. † He was also responsible for the â€Å"Trail of Tears†. Jackson took his job extremely seriously and used his full power to help the entire country. Andrew Jackson often took advantage of his veto power. He was very willing to veto the laws that the legislative branch came up with. Because of this, Congress learned to ask for his opinions in advance to avoid vetos. All presidents have since had a say on impending legislation. Andrew was not afraid to use his power aggressively if it meant helping the whole country. An example of this is in the Nullification Crisis. In short, this was when Andrew Jackson passed tariff acts on the states. South Carolina, after years of complaining about it, finally refused to obey the 1832 tariff. They voted to have troops defend them against Jackson. The president responded angrily and sent troops to South Carolina to enforce the tariff bill and asked Congress for a â€Å"Force Bill† to back him up. Andrew Jackson was also responsible for the Trail of Tears. This was when he forced thousands of Native Americans to relocate. In 1830, Jackson passed the Indian Removal Act. It ordered all Native Americans living east of the Mississippi River to move west of it. This resulted in many of them dying from exposure, disease and starvation while migrating. Jackson, of course, did this intending the best for the country.